Broaching apparatus



Feb. 19, 1935. R, K, HOPKlNS 1,991,937

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA US Q zn Patented Feb. 19, 1935 l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BROACHING APPARATUS RobertvK. Hopkins, New York, N. Y.assignor to W. Kellogg Co., New York, N. Y., a'corporation of Delaware Application December 5, 1932, Serial No. 645,684

Claims. (Cl. 90-33) y "I'hisinventionrelates to the broaching of the flash resistance welding and just before the Vwalls of passageways and in particular to the breaching operation. Header 1 comprises cybroaching of the Walls of passageways which are lindrical members 2 and 3 whose tubular extennot directly accessible from the exterior ofthe sions 4 and 5 are joined by the flash resistance 5 articles `in which they occur. welding to form the unitary structure. The H. 5

Although my invention is of general applicashaped passageway of header 1 is made up of tion, it will for convenience be'considered in conthe main branches 6 and '7, respectively in memnection `with the broaching of headers, such as bers 2 and 3,l and connecting passageway 8, in are used in making up tube stills for the cracktubular extensions4 Vand 5. Around the outside lo ing of petroleum oil, to remove the Vwelding flash of the joint of tubular extensions 4 and 5 is the 10 therefrom. outside flash 9, and around the inside of the A practical method for making up the header joint of tubular extensions 4 and 5 is-the inside just Amentioned includes uniting two cylindrical flashlO. members,V eachbeingprovided with a suitable The breaching apparatus includes a cutting 5 5 tubular projection, by electric flash resistance member 11, aligning members 12 and 13, spacing 15 'welding to form a unitary structure having an members 14, a guide plug 15, anda wedge-shaped H-shaped passageway therethrough. By reason force applying member `16. Cutting member 11 of the lelectric flash resistance welding, metal is has its surface stepped to provide a plurality of upset on the outside and on the inside of thetubucutting elements 17, three being shown, of proo lar projections at their joint so that the passagegressively decreasing diameter,` the cutting ele- Way `defined by them, that is, theV passageway ment of maximum diameter being of substanconnecting the mainbranches o f the H, is matially the samediameter as the unrestricted porterially restricted intermediate its ends. The tions of passageway 8. The end of cutting memoutside upset metal, or outside fiash, offers no lber 1l adjacent element 17 of minimum diameter diiiiculty in its removal lsince it is readily acis reduced to form a tapered extension 18, the 25 cessible. However, the inside upset metal, or inother end is bored to provide recess 19. Alignside flash, is difficult to remove since the con- -ing memberV 12v-includes a middle cylindrical pornecting passageway is not directly accessible tion of diameter substantially equal to the Adilfrom the outside of the header. It has been ithe ameter of passageway 8, one end portion tapers 39 prior practice to perforate one of the cylindrical away from the cylindrical portion and the other 30 members opposite the connecting passageway so end portion is reduced to the size of the end of that-abroachi-ng tool can beinserted into the concutting member 1l that carries tapered extennecting passageway and the flash removed, the sion 18. Aligning member l2 is bored lfrom the perforation being of course closed in any desired end portion just mentioned toprovide a tapered 5 vmanner after the breaching tool is `removed. hole of a size to accommodate tapered extension 35 This .procedure lhas not been satisfactory since 18 and from the other end it is bored to provide it unnecessarily increases the manufacturing astraight sided hole. These holes are separated cost of the headers and tends toweaken them. by a shoulder 20 'which acts to limit the move- My invention contemplates a-*broachingrapment of extension 18 inthe tapered hole.

40 paratus for carrying out said method by means Aligning member 13 is made up of two semi- 40 vof which the inside flash-may be Yremoved from cylindrical portions 21 and 22 connected by the headers quickly and cheaplywithout need .of shoulder forming flat surface 23. The diameter perforatingthe headerv walls or `otherwise weakof por-tion 2l is substantially equal to the di- Vening the headers. y ameter of passageway 8 and the diameterof por- Other objects and advantages of my invention tion- 22 `is smaller than .the diameter of passage- 45 will readily be appreciated from a. consideration way 8, however, thev centers of generation of porlof vthe following Vdescription taken together with tions 21and 22 arespaced apart so that the didrawing forming apart of this application, in "ameter of member 13 on a line passing through which: itscenter at right angles to shoulders. 23 is sub- Fig. 1 -is a part sectional View showing the stantiallyequal to the diameter of passageway 5 0 brpaphing apparatus of this 'invention positioned 8. `One end of member 13 is reduced to form in a header of vthe'type above mentioned, and a cylindrical extension 24 of a size to fit in'recess Fi `g.f2\is a perspective View of various parts-of 19. `The other. end of member-13 is flat and is l themroaching apparatus. out at an angle. Spacing members 14 are simi- `'Iheheader lis shown as -it appears after the -la'rin shape-.to member 13.and have both of their 55 ends fiat and cut at the same angle as said other end of member 13.

Guide plug 15 is cylindrical in shape and o-f a vsize to iit in the bottom portion of cylindrical member 2. The height of plug 15 is such that it extends from the bottom of passageway 6 to about the center line of passageway 8. A slot 25 extends from one side of plug 15 to about its middle and is of a size to accommodate wedge 16. The top of plug 15 has a semi-cylindrical recess 26 therein of a size to accommodate portion 22 of aligning member 13 and spacing members 14. Extending from recess 26 are shoulders 27 which serve to support aligning member 13 and spacing members 14 and permit aligning member 13 and spacing members 14 to slide thereon.v

Force applying wedge 16 has a hole 28 at its top for connection to the ram 29 of a press or other force applying means. 'Ihe angular side of wedge 16 is cut at the same angle as the sides of spacing members 14 and said other side of aligning member 13.

In carrying out the method of my invention header 1 after the flash resistance welding is placed, as shown on Fig. 1, on the platen 30 of a press. Cutting member 11 is then inserted intopassageway 8 through passageway 6 so that the cutting element 17 of minimum diameter faces flash 10. Aligning member 12 is then inserted into the other end of passageway 8 through passageway 7 and moved towards cutting member 11 until extension 18 seats in the tapered recess. Plug 15 is next put in position with the axis of recess 26 substantially parallel with the axis of passageway 8. After that is done, aligning member 13 is positioned on plug 15 and moved towards cutting member 11 until extension 24 ts into recess 19. At the end of this step cutting member 11 is properly aligned and supported for the desired broaching operation. The necessary number of spacing members 14 is then placed on shoulders 27 and wedge 16 connected to ram 29 of the press and the press set in operation.

As ram 29 and wedge 16 descend the vertical face of wedge 16 meets the side of member 2 and the inclined face meets the face of the spacing member 14. This results in spacing members 14, aligning member 13, cutting member 11 and aligning member l12 being moved axially along in passageway 8. In displacing the broaching elements just mentioned the vertically. directed force of the ram is resolved into two components, one the horizontal force which moves the broaching member axially and another which pushes spacing members 14 and aligning member 13 into contact with shoulders 27 of plug 15. The reaction of the horizontal component is taken up by the wall of member 2 against which wedge 16 contacts, the reaction of the other component is taken up through plug 15 by the platen 30 of the press. v

As ram 29 continues its downward travel the first of cutting members 17 comes into contact with flash 10 and removes a portion thereof to increase its diameter. After this has happened wedge 16 which has approached platen 30 is retracted and ano-ther spacing member 14'added to the one previously put in place on plug 15. Ram 29 and wedge 16 are again moved downward to further axially displace the broaching element. As this further movement goes on the second and third of the cutting elements 17 successively come into contact with flash 10 and substantiallycompletely remove it so that after the third of elements 17 has passed flash 10 passageway 8`will be of substantially uniform diameter. Ram 29 and wedge 16 are again retracted and the broaching elements removed. Although I have described the method as carried out in two downward movements of wedge 16, it is obvious that the cutting away of flash 10 may be accomplished in a single movement or in more than two movements.

I claim:

1. A broaching tool comprising a body portion having a cutting edge and engageable means at each end thereof, a pilot member adapted to engage the engageable means at the front end of said body portion for the purpose of guiding the tool during the broaching operation, and a force transmission member adapted to engage the engageable means at the rear end of said body portion having a bevelled outer surface adapted to be engaged by a wedge for forcing the tool through an opening to be broached. Y

2. A broaching tool comprising a body portion having a cutting edge and a depression in one end thereof, a centrally disposed projection at the opposite end of the body portion, a pilot member adapted to be fitted over the projection for theV purpose of guiding the tool during the broaching operation, and a force transmission member having a projection engageable in therecess of the body portion and having a bevelled outer surface adapted to be engaged by a wedge for forcing the tool through an opening to be broached.

3. A broaching tool comprising a body Portion having a series of circumferentially arranged cutting edges and a depression in oneY end thereof, a tapered centrally disposed projection at the opposite end of the body portion, a pilot member adapted to be ntted over the projectionv for the purpose of guiding the tool duringY the broaching operation, and a force transmission and cutter body aligning member having a projection engageable in the recess of the body portion and having a bevelled outer surface adapted to be engaged by a wedge for forcing-the tool through an opening to be broached.

4. A broaching too-l comprising a body portion having a series of circumferentially arranged cutting edges gradually increasing in diameter from the forward toward'the rear end of the body land a depression in the rear end thereof, a tapered centrally disposed projection at the forward end of the body portion, a member adapted to be tted over the projection for the purpose of guiding the tool during the broaching operation, and a force transmission member havingA a projection engageable in the recess of the bodyl portion and having a bevelled outer surface adapted to be engaged by a wedge for forcing the tool through an opening to be broached, said pilot member being of substantially the same diameter as the diameter of the rearmost cutting edge on the body portion. n f

5. `Apparatus for broaching a relatively inaccessible connecting bore between exteriorly opening passageways in structures comprising a broaching device insertable into the bore through one of the passageways, means adapted'to be positioned within the `bore for maintaining said broaching device axially aligned therein, and means for effecting movement of the broaching device within the bore so as to remove material from the wall thereof, said means for effecting the movement of the broaching device, when the apparatus is assembled for operation, being arranged within the passageway through which the device has been inserted into theboreand being movable in a path axially of the passageway for causing the breaching action of the device.

6. Apparatus for breaching a relatively inaccessible connecting bore between exteriorly opening passagewaysV in structures comprising a breaching device insertable into the bore through one of the passageways, pilot means adapted to be positioned within the bore for guiding the breaching device axially within the bore, and means for effecting movement of the breaching device within the bore soI as to remove material from the wall thereof, said means for eiecting the movement of the breaching device, when the apparatus is assembled for operation, being arranged within the passageway through which the device has been inserted into the bore and being movable in a path axially of the passageway for causing movement of the breaching device, said broaching device being formed as a body portion having a circumferentially arranged cutting edge and a depression in one end, the breaching device further being provided with an extension at the end opposite to the depression and the pilot means being connected to the body portion by being tted over said extension.

'7. Apparatus for breaching a relatively inaccessible connecting bore between exteriorly opening passageways in structures comprising a breaching device insertable into the bore through one of the passageways, pilot means adapted to be positioned within the bore and connected to the forward end of the device for guiding the same as it is moved within the bore, force transmitting means connected to the rear end of the device, and means adapted to contact with the force transmitting means for effecting movement of the breaching device within the bore so as to remove material from the wall thereof, said means for effecting the movement of the breaching device, when the apparatus is assembled for operation, being arranged within the passageway through which the device has been inserted into the bore and being movable in a path axially of the passageway for causing the breaching action of the device, the said breaching device being formed of a body portion having a series of circumferentially arranged cutting edges.

8. Apparatus for breaching a relatively inaccessible connecting bore between exteriorly opening passageways in structures comprising a breaching device insertable into the bore through one of the passageways, pilot means detachably connected to said breaching device for guiding the same in its movement within the bore, force transmitting means arranged to contact with the support and the breaching device, and means for applying force to move the force transmitting means to thereby effect movement of the breaching device within the bore se as to remove material from the wall thereof, said means for effecting the movement of the breaching device, when the apparatus is assembled for operation, being arranged within the passageway through which the device has been inserted into the bore.

9. Apparatus for breaching a relatively inaccessible connecting bore between exteriorly opening passageways in headers and the like comprising a platen for contacting the header and closing an opened end of one of the exteriorly opening passageways, a support insertable into the bottom of the last mentioned passageway in a position te bear against the platen, said support having an axial slot and a concaved upper portion and being ef such lengths as to extend from the platen te the connecting bore with the bottom of said concaved portion lying within a plane so as to effect the formation of a continuation of the wall of the bore, aligning means including two members one of which is insertable into the bere through another of the exteriorly opening passageways and the other of which is positionable on said concaved portion of said support, a'. movable cutter member positionable between the aligning members for breaching the connecting bore upon being forced therethrough, said align-V ing member positionable on the support having its end remote from the cutter member angularly disposed to the axis of the passageway housing the support, and a force applying wedge insertable in the passageway having one face adapted to contact with the angular end of said aligning member and having its other face adapted to contact with the wall of said passageway whereby the longitudinal movement of the wedge toward the platen will cause the cutter member to breach the connecting bore.

l0. Apparatus for breaching a relativelyinaccessible connecting bore between exteriorly opening passageways in headers and the like comprising a platen for contacting the header and closing an opened end of one of the exteriorly opening passageways, a support insertable into the bottom of the last mentioned passageway in a position to bear against the platen, said support having an axially arranged slot and a concaved upper portion and being of such length as to extend from the platen` to the connecting bore with the bottom of said concaved portion lying within a plane so as to effect the formation of a continuation of the wall of the bore, aligning means including two members one of which is insertable into the bore through another of the exteriorly opening passageways and the other of which is positionable on said concaved portion of said support, a movable'cutter member positionable between the aligning members for breaching the connecting bore upon being forced therethrough,

vsaid aligning members including means for supporting the cutter member, the aligning member positionable on the support having its end remote from the cutter member angularly disposed to the axis of the passageway housing the support,

a force applying wedge insertable in the passage- Vmembers. may be positioned between the wedge and the aligning member to increase the path of movement of the cutter member upon the further operation of the wedge.

ROBERT K. HOPKINS. 

